Course References
Below, you can find the references we used to build this course:
References
Activists reframe food inequity as “food apartheid” to find new solutions. (2024). Rocky Mountain PBS. https://www.rmpbs.org/news/rocky-mountain-pbs/food-deserts-colorado-springs
Asamnew, Y. (2026). Q&A with NAACP: Addressing the growing environmental harms of AI data centers. American Public Health Association. https://www.apha.org/publications/public-health-newswire/public-health-newswire/articles/addressing-the-growing-environmental-harms-of-ai-data-centers
Contreras, R. (2025, December 8). AI boom fuels “environmental justice” fears in communities of color. Axios. https://www.axios.com/2025/12/08/ai-civil-rights-black-latino-water-electricity
EPA repeals legal basis for regulating greenhouse gases: What it means for the U.S.—and the world. (2026, February 19th). World Resources Institute. https://www.wri.org/insights/endangerment-finding-repeal-explained
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Food apartheid vs. food deserts: Reframing the conversation. (n.d.). Feed Black Futures. https://www.feedblackfutures.org/essays/foodapartheidvsfooddeserts
Food desert. (2026). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_desert
Gross, T. (2017, May 3). A “forgotten history” of how the U.S. government segregated America. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526655831/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america
Hampton, L. M. & Nost, E. (2025, October 28). Communities close to EPA-regulated data centers face heightened air pollution. EnviroDataGov. https://envirodatagov.org/blogs/communities-close-to-epa-regulated-data-centers-face-heightened-air-pollution/
Honig, D. (2021). Redlining, racial covenants, and housing discrimination in Seattle. HistoryLink. https://www.historylink.org/file/21296
Agyeman, J. (2021). How urban planning and housing policy helped create “food apartheid” in U.S. cities. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/how-urban-planning-and-housing-policy-helped-create-food-apartheid-in-us-cities-154433
Information about the Superfund enforcement cleanup work map. (2020). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/information-about-superfund-enforcement-cleanup-work-map
LaRiccia, D. (n.d.). Stand Up / Stand N Rock #NoDAPL. Energy History Online, Yale University. https://energyhistory.yale.edu/stand-up-stand-n-rock-nodapl/
Looking back on the career of the father of environmental justice. (2021). Science Friday. https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/robert-bullard-environmental-justice/
McConaghy, C. (2020). Migrations. Flatiron Books.
Mullen, H., & Stewart, K. (2025). Assessing the legacy of redlining on spatial inequities in social and environmental determinants of health. Applied Geography, 179, 103637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103637
Mission & history. (n.d.). WE ACT for Environmental Justice. https://weact.org/about/mission-history/
National Museum of the American Indian. (n.d.). Native Knowledge 360°: Standing Rock and the Dakota Access Pipeline. Smithsonian Institution. https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/plains-treaties/dap
NC recognized as the birthplace of the environmental justice movement. (2022). North Carolina Health News. https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2022/08/26/nc-recognized-as-the-birthplace-of-the-environmental-justice-movement/
New Deal: Programs, Social Security & FDR. (2026). HISTORY. https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/new-deal
O’Connor, A. M. (2025). Food deserts, snack swamps and obesity. HealthCentral. https://www.healthcentral.com/news/obesity/food-deserts-snack-swamps-and-obesity
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Pontecorvo, E. (2019, December 5). “Dark Waters” tells the origin story of a public health nightmare. We’re still living it. Grist. https://grist.org/Array/dark-waters-tells-the-origin-story-of-a-public-health-nightmare-were-still-living-it/
Powell, D. (2018). Opinion: The solution to “food deserts” isn’t just food. South Side Weekly. https://southsideweekly.com/opinion-solution-food-deserts-isnt-just-food/
Racial restrictive covenants. (n.d.). Seattle Civil Rights & Labor History Project, University of Washington. https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/covenants.htm
Redlining, racism and food access in U.S. urban cores. (2023). Current Developments in Nutrition. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9303837/
Revkin, A. C. (2013, November 24). Love Canal and its mixed legacy. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/25/booming/love-canal-and-its-mixed-legacy.html
Structural racism and geographic access to food retailers in the United States: A scoping review. (2023). Social Science & Medicine. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829223001260
Stray Dog Institute. (2022). What is the difference between food apartheid and food deserts? https://straydoginstitute.org/food-apartheid/
Superfund. (n.d.). National Geographic Society. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/superfund/
Superfund: National priorities list (NPL). (n.d.). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://web.archive.org/web/20240718062521/https://www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-national-priorities-list-npl
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The environmental justice movement. (2025). Natural Resources Defense Council. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/environmental-justice-movement#:~:text=In%201968%2C%20residents%20of%20West,national%20movement%20for%20environmental%20justice
A town, a flood, and Superfund: Looking back at the Times Beach disaster nearly 40 years later. (2020, December 10). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/mo/town-flood-and-superfund-looking-back-times-beach-disaster-nearly-40-years-later
U.S. Congress. (2023, June 22). [Congressional hearing document] [PDF]. https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/115970/documents/HHRG-118-II00-20230622-SD007.pdf
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. (n.d.). Food access research atlas documentation. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas/documentation
Walker, B. (2019). Groundbreaking reporting helped bring “Dark Waters” to light. Environmental Working Group. https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/groundbreaking-reporting-helped-bring-dark-waters-light
What is AI and why do you keep hearing about it? And what are data centers? How are they connected? (2025, March 8th). Climate Justice Alliance. https://climatejusticealliance.org/ai/
Wright, F. (2020, August 6). The Last Migration by Charlotte McConaghy review – aching, poignant and pressing debut. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/aug/07/the-last-migration-by-charlotte-mcconaghy-review-aching-poignant-and-pressing-debut